Original Articles
13 May 2025
Vol. 19 No. 2 (2025)
https://doi.org/10.4081/itjm.2025.1967

Impact of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin 6 polymorphisms on type 2 diabetes mellitus Sudanese patients

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T2DM, body mass index, IL-6, variants, SNPs
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Authors

Elmutuz H. Elssaig
eelssaig@ut.edu.sa
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Tabuk; Prince Fahad Research Chair, University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
Abdalla Eltoum Ali
Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Department of Clinical Chemistry, AlZaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan.
Mohammed A. Alsubai
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia; Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Department of Clinical Chemistry, AlZaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan.
Tarig M.S. Alnour
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5880-793X
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia; Prince Fahad Research Chair, University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia; Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Department of Clinical Chemistry, AlZaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan.
Eltayib H. Ahmed-Abakur
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Tabuk; Prince Fahad Research Chair, University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
Aadil Yousif
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
Bashayr Mudhhi Alshehri
https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0091-7461
Clinical Chemistry Lab, King Fahd Specialist Hospital, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
Fatmah Ali Awaji
Laboratory and Blood Bank, Health Cluster, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
Arwa Murdi Alanazi
https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9865-956X
Clinical Chemistry Lab, King Fahd Specialist Hospital, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
Fai Fahad Alanazi
Clinical Chemistry Lab, Maternity and Children Hospital, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
Abdullah Ali Alghamdi
Clinical Chemistry Lab, King Fahd Specialist Hospital, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.

Extensive studies in humans over the last decades have shown the significant functions of cytokines in diabetes development. The present study aimed to assess the impact of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL) 6 polymorphisms on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The study involved 450 participants; 200 individuals were included in the control group, and 250 individuals represented T2DM patients. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique was used to identify the genotypes and alleles of the TNF-α 308G/A variants rs1800629 and IL-6 (-174 C→G) variants rs1800629, while amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction is used to identify genetic variations of IL-6 (-174 C→G). The result revealed a statistically significant (p=0.0028) difference in the frequency of the AA genotype of the TNF-α rs1800629 variant between the study group and the control group. Interestingly, the findings also showed a significant difference (p=0.0001) in the frequency of the CC genotype of the IL-6-rs1800795 variant between the study and control groups. The TNF-α gene (308G/A) and the IL-6 (-174 C→G) polymorphism were found to be strongly related to an elevated risk of T2DM in the Sudanese population.

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Impact of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin 6 polymorphisms on type 2 diabetes mellitus Sudanese patients. (2025). Italian Journal of Medicine, 19(2). https://doi.org/10.4081/itjm.2025.1967
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