Case Reports
4 November 2024
Vol. 18 No. 4 (2024)
A misleading miscellanea: a COVID-19 patient with fever and cytopenia
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All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
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Complex clinical cases characterized by the coexistence of multiple pathologies and, consequently, multiple signs and symptoms shared by various pathological entities can hide pitfalls that may lead to incorrect diagnostic conclusions due to cognitive biases. Here, we present the case of a man who presents hyperpyrexia, progressive pancytopenia, and splenomegaly in the context of a SARS-CoV-2-related infection; the final diagnosis will be different from the initial diagnostic hypothesis.
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Citations
Ramos-Casals M, Brito-Zerón P, Mariette X. Systemic and organ-specific immune-related manifestations of COVID-19. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2021;17:315-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41584-021-00608-z
Henter J-I, Horne A, Aricó M, et al. HLH-2004: diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;48:124-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.21039
Istituto Superiore di Sanità. Leishmaniosi. Available from: https://www.epicentro.iss.it/leishmaniosi/. [Material in Italian].
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Facts about leishmaniasis. Available from: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/leishmaniasis/facts.
Servizio Sanitario Regionale Emilia-Romagna. Leishmaniosi canina: controllo in Emilia Romagna. Available from: https://www.ausl.fe.it/amministrazione/servizi-territoriali/dipartimento-sanita-pubblica/direzione-attivita-veterinarie-e-igiene-degli-allevamenti-e-produzioni-zootecniche/prestazioni-veterinarie/veterinario-libero-professionista/leishmaniosi-canina-controllo-in-emilia-romagna.
Chappuis F, Sundar S, Hailu A, et al. Visceral leishmaniasis: what are the needs for diagnosis, treatment and control? Nat Rev Microbiol 2007;5:873-82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro1748
Gradoni L, Gramiccia M, Scalone A. Visceral leishmaniasis treatment, Italy. Emerg Infect Dis 2003;9:1617-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid0912.030178
How to Cite
A misleading miscellanea: a COVID-19 patient with fever and cytopenia. (2024). Italian Journal of Medicine, 18(4). https://doi.org/10.4081/itjm.2024.1805
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