Original Articles
24 October 2023
Vol. 17 No. 3 (2023)
Body mass index conditions and eating attitudes in young nurses: a pilot psycho-immune-endocrine investigation
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
2215
Views
408
Downloads
34
HTML
Authors
Purpose. To investigate a cohort of young Italian nurses to identify whether the body mass index (BMI) and eating flexibility differed and were associated according to the basic characteristics of sex, smoking behavior, or shift activity, the levels of neutrophils, lymphocytes, or platelets in blood, and the psychological conditions of anxiety, depression, stress, or insomnia. Materials and Methods. The data include sex, BMI, smoking behavior, shift activity, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and platelet levels, eating flexibility [measured using the eating disorder flexibility index (EDFLIX) and the subdimensions EDFLIX-GF for general flexibility, EDFLIX-FoEx for food and exercise flexibility, and EDFLIX-WeSh for weight and shape flexibility], and mental health [assessed using the depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS-21) and the insomnia severity index (ISI)]. Results. Differences in BMI with shift work (P=0.042) and anxiety with total EDFLIX (P<0.001), EDFLIX-GF (P<0.001), and EDFLIX-WeSh (P=0.044) scores were significant. Having depression was associated with significant differences in total EDFLIX (P<0.001), EDFLIX-GF (P=0.005), and EDFLIX-WeSh (P<0.001) scores. Nurses with moderate stress reported high total EDFLIX (P<0.001), EDGLIX-FoEx (P<0.001), and EDFLIX-WeSh (P=0.013) scores. Nurses with mild stress reported high EDFLIX-GF scores (P<0.001). Nurses without insomnia symptoms reported significantly high EDFLIX- FoEx scores (P<0.001). Associations between lymphocyte levels and EDFLIX-FoEx (β=-0.264; P=0.003), stress and EDFLIX-total (β=-0.436; P<0.001), EDFLIX-GF (β=-0.466; P<0.001) and EDFLIX-WeSh (P=0.022), and also between insomnia and EDFLIX-FoEx (β=-0.245; P<0.001) were significant. Conclusions. Nurses, from the beginning of their careers, should be monitored and encouraged to avoid adverse health practices that negatively influence their quality of life.
Altmetrics
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
Citations
Seychell J, Reeves S. The effect of shift work on the diet of accident and emergency nurses at the main general hospital in Malta. Proc Nutr Soc 2016;75:E36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665115004693
Nejman M, Gotlib J. Impact of Nurses’ Shift Work on Their Nutrition Attitudes. Piel Ęgniarstwo Polskie 2017;1:13-19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20883/pielpol.2017.1
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Healthcare and Social Assistance Sector Council. State of the sector—Healthcare and social assistance: Identification of research opportunities for the next decade of NORA. Cincinnati 2009, OH: NIOSH.
Nakata A, Swanson NG, Caruso CC. Nurses, smoking, and immunity: a review. Rehabil Nurs 2010;35:198-205. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2048-7940.2010.tb00048.x
Han K, Choi-Kwon S, Kim KS. Poor dietary behaviors among hospital nurses in Seoul, South Korea. Appl Nurs Res 2016;30:38-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2015.10.009
Panczyk M, Woynarowska-Sołdan M, Żmuda-Trzebiatowska H, Gotlib J. Health-enhancing behaviours of nurses in Poland and their association with shift work and age. Collegian 2018;25:255-61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2017.07.001
Williams GM. Obesity Among Night Shift Nurses: Time to Intervene. Am J Public Health 2017;107:41-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303511
Sh H, Am M, Lhs E, Qw L. Eating Behaviour and Its Associations with Overweight among Nurses on Shift Duty in Teaching Hospital. Med Health 2019;68-77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17576/MH.2019.1401.06
Jung HS, Lee B. Factors associated with the occurrence of functional dyspepsia and insomnia in shift-working nurses. Work 2016;54:93-101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-162283
Epel E, Lapidus R, McEwen B, Brownell K. Stress may add bite to appetite in women: a laboratory study of stress induced cortisol and eating behavior. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2001;26:37-49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4530(00)00035-4
O’Connor DB, Jones F, Conner M, et al. Effects of daily hassles and eating style on eating behavior. Health Psychol 2008;27:S20-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.27.1.S20
Tomiyama AJ, Dallman MF, Epel ES. Comfort food is comforting to those most stressed: evidence of the chronic stress response network in high stress women. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2011;36:1513-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.04.005
Pietraszek A, Charzyńska-Gula M, Łuczyk M, et al. Analiza przyczyn stresu zawodowego w opinii pielęgniarek = An analysis of the causes of occupational stress in the opinions of nurses. J Educ Health Sport 2016;6:643-52.
Buss J. Associations between obesity and stress and shift work among nurses. Workplace Health Saf 2012;60:453-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3928/21650799-20120926-66
Heath G, Roach GD, Dorrian J, et al. The effect of sleep restriction on snacking behaviour during a week of simulated shiftwork. Accid Anal Prev 2012;45:62-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2011.09.028
Theorell-Haglöw J, Lemming EW, Michaëlsson K, et al. Sleep duration is associated with healthy diet scores and meal patterns: results from the population-based Epi-Health study. J Clin Sleep Med 2020;16:9-18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.8112
Si´nska B, Kucharska A, Sienkiewicz Z, Dykowska G. Wpływ systemu zmianowego pracy piel ˛egniarek na ich sposób odzywiania i aktywno´s´c fizyczn ˛a. Zdrowie Publiczne Zarz ˛adzanie 2018;16:105-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4467/20842627OZ.18.012.9082
Jankowska-Pola´nska B, Wijacka K, Lomper K, Uchmanowicz I. Zachowania zdrowotne personelu piel ˛egniarskiego w profilaktyce nadci´snienia t ˛etniczego. Współczesne Piel˛egniarstwo Ochrona Zdrowia 2014;3:67-70 (In Polish).
Hidalgo KD, Mielke GI, Parra DC, et al. Health promoting practices and personal lifestyle behaviors of Brazilian health professionals. BMC Public Health 2016;16:1114. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3778-2
Perry L, Xu X, Gallagher R, et al. Lifestyle Health Behaviors of Nurses and Midwives: The ‘Fit for the Future’ Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018;15:945. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15050945
Kashdan TB, Rottenberg J. Psychological flexibility as a fundamental aspect of health. Clin Psychol Rev 2010;30:865-78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.03.001
Rutten BP, Hammels C, Geschwind N, et al. Resilience in mental health: linking psychological and neurobiological perspectives. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2013;128:3-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.12095
Smith KE, Mason TB, Johnson JS, et al. A systematic review of reviews of neurocognitive functioning in eating disorders: The state-of-the-literature and future directions. Int J Eat Disord. 2018;51:798-821. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22929
Gioia GA, Isquith PK, Guy SC, Kenworthy L. Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function. Child Neuropsychol 2000;6:235-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1076/chin.6.3.235.3152
Almajwal AM. Stress, shift duty, and eating behavior among nurses in Central Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 2016;37:191-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2016.2.13060
Adamek R, Stoczyńska J, Maksymiuk T, et al. Rozpowszechnienie palenia tytoniu wśród pielegniarek a świadomość szkodliwości nałogu [Prevalence of tobacco smoking among nurses and the awareness of harmfulness of smoking habit]. Przegl Lek 2012;69:969-72 (In Polish).
Adriaanse H, Van Reek J, Zandbelt L, Evers G. Nurses’ smoking worldwide. A review of 73 surveys on nurses’ tobacco consumption in 21 countries in the period 1959-1988. Int J Nurs Stud 1991;28:361-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7489(91)90062-8
Smith DR, Leggat PA. An international review of tobacco smoking research in the nursing profession, 1976-2006. J Res Nurs 2007;12:165-81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1744987106074875
Nelson DE, Giovino GA, Emont SL, et al. Trends in cigarette smoking among US physicians and nurses. JAMA 1994;271:1273-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.271.16.1273
Association of American Medical Colleges. Physician behavior and practice patterns related to smoking cessation. A report prepared for the American Legacy Foundation. Available from: www.aamc.org/workforce/smoking-cessation summary.pdf 2007 [accessed 1 June 2022].
Sarna L, Bialous SA, Jun HJ, et al. Smoking trends in the Nurses’ Health Study (1976-2003). Nurs Res 2008;57:374-82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/NNR.0b013e31818bf38b
Arcavi L, Benowitz NL. Cigarette smoking and infection. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:2206-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.164.20.2206
Margolis KL, Manson JE, Greenland P, et al. Women’s Health Initiative Research Group. Leukocyte count as a predictor of cardiovascular events and mortality in postmenopausal women: the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study. Arch Intern Med 2005;165:500-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.165.5.500
Shankar A, Wang JJ, Rochtchina E, et al. Association between circulating white blood cell count and cancer mortality: a population-based cohort study. Arch Intern Med 2006;166:188-94. Erratum in: Arch Intern Med 2006;166:681. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.166.2.188
Chavance M, Perrot JY, Annesi I. Smoking, CD45R0+ (memory), and CD45RA+ (naive) CD4+ T cells. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993;148:237-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm/148.1.237
Nakata A, Takahashi M, Irie M, et al. Relationship between cumulative effects of smoking and memory CD4+T lymphocyte subpopulations. Addict Behav 2007;32:1526-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2006.11.007
Sopori M. Effects of cigarette smoke on the immune system. Nat Rev Immunol. 2002;2:372-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nri803
Morlá M, Busquets X, Pons J, et al. Telomere shortening in smokers with and without COPD. Eur Respir J 2006;27:525-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.06.00087005
Yoshizaki T, Kawano Y, Tada Y, et al. Diurnal 24-hour rhythm in ambulatory heart rate variability during the day shift in rotating shift workers. J Biol Rhythms 2013;28:227-36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0748730413489957
Wang XS, Armstrong ME, Cairns BJ, et al. Shift work and chronic disease: the epidemiological evidence. Occup Med (Lond) 2011;61:78-89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqr001
Boivin DB, Boudreau P. Impacts of shift work on sleep and circadian rhythms. Pathol Biol (Paris) 2014;62:292-301. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patbio.2014.08.001
Peplonska B, Bukowska A, Sobala W. Association of Rotating Night Shift Work with BMI and Abdominal Obesity among Nurses and Midwives. PLoS ONE 2015;10:e0133761. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133761
Haus E, Smolensky M. Biological clocks and shift work: circadian dysregulation and potential long-term effects. Cancer Causes Control 2006;17:489-500. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-005-9015-4
Karlsson B, Knutsson A, Lindahl B. Is there an association between shift work and having a metabolic syndrome? Results from a population based study of 27,485 people. Occup Environ Med 2001;58:747-52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.58.11.747
Li Y, Sato Y, Yamaguchi N. Shift work and the risk of metabolic syndrome: a nested case-control study. Int J Occup Environ Health 2011;17:154-60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1179/107735211799030960
Pan A, Schernhammer ES, Sun Q, Hu FB. Rotating night shift work and risk of type 2 diabetes: two prospective cohort studies in women. PLoS Med 2011;8:e1001141. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001141
Suwazono Y, Dochi M, Sakata K, et al. Shift work is a risk factor for increased blood pressure in Japanese men: a 14 year historical cohort study. Hypertension 2008;52:581-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.114553
Jia Y, Lu Y, Wu K, et al. Does night work increase the risk of breast cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Cancer Epidemiol 2013;37:197-206. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2013.01.005
Pimenta AM, Kac G, Souza RR, et al. Night-shift work and cardiovascular risk among employees of a public university. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2012;58:168-77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0104-4230(12)70177-X
Tasali E, Leproult R, Ehrmann DA, Van Cauter E. Slowwave sleep and the risk of type 2 diabetes in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2008;105:1044-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0706446105
Spiegel K, Knutson K, Leproult R, et al. Sleep loss: a novel risk factor for insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2005;99:2008-19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00660.2005
Domínguez F, Fuster V, Fernández-Alvira JM, et al. Association of Sleep Duration and Quality With Subclinical Atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019;73:134-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.10.060
Spiegel K, Leproult R, Van Cauter E. Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet 1999;354:1435-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(99)01376-8
Naghashpour M, Amani R, Nematpour S, Haghighizadeh M. Dietary, Anthropometric, Biochemical and Psychiatric Indices in Shift Work Nurses. Food Nutr Sci 2013;4:1239-46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/fns.2013.412158
de Assis MA, Kupek E, Nahas MV, Bellisle F. Food intake and circadian rhythms in shift workers with a high workload. Appetite 2003;40:175-83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0195-6663(02)00133-2
Tada Y, Kawano Y, Maeda I, et al. Association of body mass index with lifestyle and rotating shift work in Japanese female nurses. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014;22: 2489-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.20908
Yoshizaki T, Kawano Y, Noguchi O, et al. Association of eating behaviours with diurnal preference and rotating shift work in Japanese female nurses: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2016;6:e011987. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011987
Horton Dias C, Dawson RM. Hospital and Shift Work Influences on Nurses’ Dietary Behaviors: A Qualitative Study. Workplace Health Saf 2020;68:374-83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2165079919890351
Wirth MD, Burch J, Shivappa N, et al. Dietary inflammatory index scores differ by shift work status: NHANES 2005 to 2010. J Occup Environ Med 2014;56:145-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000000088
Kosmadopoulos A, Kervezee L, Boudreau P, et al. Effects of Shift Work on the Eating Behavior of Police Officers on Patrol. Nutrients 2020;12:999. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12040999
Harrington J. Health effects of shift work and extended hours of work. Occup Environ Med 2001;58:68-72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.58.1.68
Almajwal AM. Correlations of Physical Activity, Body Mass Index, Shift Duty, and Selected Eating Habits among Nurses in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Ecol Food Nutr 2015;54:397-417. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03670244.2015.1004400
Fradkin L, Raz O, Boaz M. Nurses who work rotating shifts consume more energy, macronutrients and calcium when they work the night shift versus day shift. Chronobiol Int 2019;36:288-95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2018.1538155
Vesterlund GK, Keller AC, Heitmann BL. Changes in job strain and subsequent weight gain: a longitudinal study, based on the Danish Nurse Cohort. Public Health Nutr 2018;21:1131-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S136898001700355X
Nicholls R, Perry L, Duffield C, et al. Barriers and facilitators to healthy eating for nurses in the workplace: an integrative review. J Adv Nurs 2017;73:1051-65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13185
Marko S, Wylie S, Utter J. Enablers and barriers to healthy eating among hospital nurses: A systematic review. Int J Nurs Stud. 2023;138:104412. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104412
Jike M, Itani O, Watanabe N, et al. Long sleep duration and health outcomes: A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. Sleep Med Rev 2018;39:25-36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2017.06.011
Brandt J, Leong C. Benzodiazepines and Z-Drugs: An Updated Review of Major Adverse Outcomes Reported on in Epidemiologic Research. Drugs R D 2017;17:493-507. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40268-017-0207-7
Beebe D, Chang JJ, Kress K, Mattfeldt-Beman M. Diet quality and sleep quality among day and night shift nurses. J Nurs Manag 2017;25:549-57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12492
Heath G, Dorrian J, Coates A. Associations between shift type, sleep, mood, and diet in a group of shift working nurses. Scand J Work Environ Health 2019;45:402-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3803
Fang L, Hsiao LP, Fang SH, Chen BC. The associations with work stress, social support and overweight/obesity among hospital nurses: A cross-sectional study. Contemp Nurse 2018;54:182-94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10376178.2018.1476166
Kapsimalis F, Basta M, Varouchakis G, et al. Cytokines and pathological sleep. Sleep Med 2008;9:603-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2007.08.019
Obal F Jr, Krueger JM. Biochemical regulation of nonrapid-eye-movement sleep. Front Biosci 2003;8:d520-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2741/1033
Krueger JM, Majde JA. Humoral links between sleep and the immune system: research issues. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2003;992:9-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb03133.x
Irwin MR. Sleep and inflammation: partners in sickness and in health. Nat Rev Immunol 2019;19:702-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-019-0190-z
Redwine L, Hauger RL, Gillin JC, Irwin M. Effects of sleep and sleep deprivation on interleukin-6, growth hormone, cortisol, and melatonin levels in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:3597-603. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.85.10.3597
Pine SR, Mechanic LE, Enewold L, et al. Increased levels of circulating interleukin 6, interleukin 8, C-reactive protein, and risk of lung cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2011;103:1112-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djr216
Danesh J, Kaptoge S, Mann AG, et al. Long-term interleukin-6 levels and subsequent risk of coronary heart disease: two new prospective studies and a systematic review. PLoS Med 2008;5:e78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0050078
Nikiteas NI, Tzanakis N, Gazouli M, et al. Serum IL-6, TNFalpha and CRP levels in Greek colorectal cancer patients: prognostic implications. World J Gastroenterol 2005;11:1639-43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v11.i11.1639
Shiels MS, Pfeiffer RM, Hildesheim A, et al. Circulating inflammation markers and prospective risk for lung cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2013;105:1871-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djt309
Zhou B, Shu B, Yang J, et al. C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and the risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis. Cancer Causes Control 2014;25:1397-405. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-014-0445-8
Witkoski A, Dickson VV. Hospital staff nurses’ work hours, meal periods, and rest breaks. A review from an occupational health nurse perspective. AAOHN J 2010;58:489-97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/216507991005801106
Chidiebere Okechukwu E, Tibaldi L, La Torre G. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health of Nurses. Clin Ter 2020;171:e399-e400.
Vitale E, Conte L, dell’Aglio A, et al. Healthcare workers perceptions in the difficult moment of the end of life and coping strategies adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic: an Italian pilot study. Acta Biomed 2021;92:e2021330.
Vitale E. Anxiety, depression and insomnia conditions in Italian nurses during the first and the second waves of the Covid-19 pandemic. J Evid Based Psychother 2021;21:69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24193/jebp.2021.1.5
Vitale E, Casolaro S. Anxiety, Burnout and Depression levels according to sex and years of work experience in Italian nurses engaged in the care of Covid-19 patients. J Evid Based Psychother 2021;21:83-96. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24193/jebp.2021.1.6
Vitale E, Mea R, Di Dio F, et al. Anxiety, Insomnia and Body Mass Index Scores in Italian Nurses Engaged in the Care of COVID-19 Patients. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021;21:1604-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/1871530320666201016150033
Vitale E, Galatola V, Mea R, et al. The Linkage “Body Mass Index-Insomnia Levels-Eating Disorder Flexibility” in Italian Nurses During the Covid-19 Outbreak: A Psychoendocrinological Employment Disease. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2022;22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/1871530321666210715125939
Vitale E. Work Conditions of Italian Nurses and Their Related Risk Factors: A Cohort Investigatory Study. Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) 2022;10:50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases10030050
Arnetz JE, Goetz CM, Arnetz BB, Arble E. Nurse Reports of Stressful Situations during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Qualitative Analysis of Survey Responses. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17:8126. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218126
Meehan CD, Schlamb CD, Nair JM. Strategies to improve nurses’ stress response during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nursin 2022;52:29-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NURSE.0000803484.15041.ba
Vitale E. The Mindfulness and the Emotional Regulation Skills in Italian Nurses During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Descriptive Survey-Correlational Study. J Holist Nurs 2021;39:345-55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/08980101211015804
Rahman A, Plummer V. COVID-19 related suicide among hospital nurses; case study evidence from worldwide media reports. Psychiatry Res 2020;291:113272. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113272
El-Hage W, Hingray C, Lemogne C, et al. Les professionnels de santé face à la pandémie de la maladie à coronavirus (COVID-19): quels risques pour leur santé mentale? [Health professionals facing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: What are the mental health risks?]. Encephale 2020;46:S73-S80. (In French). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2020.04.008
Allison KC, Spaeth A, Hopkins CM. Sleep and Eating Disorders. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2016;18:92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-016-0728-8
Munarini E, Stival C, Boffi R, et al. Factors associated with a change in smoking habit during the first COVID-19 lockdown: an Italian cross-sectional study among ever-smokers. BMC Public Health 2022;22:1046. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13404-5
Michiels JJ, Berneman Z, Schroyens W, et al. The paradox of platelet activation and impaired function: plateletvon Willebrand factor interactions, and the etiology of thrombotic and hemorrhagic manifestations in essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera. Semin Thromb Hemost 2006;32:589-604. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-949664
Collins CE, Rampton DS. Review article: platelets in inflammatory bowel disease--pathogenetic role and therapeutic implications. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1997;11:237-47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.1997.153328000.x
Yudkin JS, Kumari M, Humphries SE, Mohamed-Ali V. Inflammation, obesity, stress and coronary heart disease: is interleukin-6 the link? Atherosclerosis 2000; 148:209-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9150(99)00463-3
Herishanu Y, Rogowski O, Polliack A, Marilus R. Leukocytosis in obese individuals: possible link in patients with unexplained persistent neutrophilia. Eur J Haematol 2006;76:516-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0609.2006.00658.x
Purdy JC, Shatzel JJ. The hematologic consequences of obesity. Eur J Haematol 2021;106:306-19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ejh.13560
Nijhuis J, Rensen SS, Slaats Y, et al. Neutrophil activation in morbid obesity, chronic activation of acute inflammation. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2009;17:2014-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2009.113
Stubbs RJ, Brogelli DJ, Barber J, et al. Service evaluation of weight outcomes as a function of initial BMI in 34,271 adults referred to a primary care/commercial weight management partnership scheme. BMC Res Notes 2013;6:161. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-6-161
Dahlgren CL, Hage TW, Wonderlich JA, Stedal K. General and Eating Disorder Specific Flexibility: Development and Validation of the Eating Disorder Flexibility Index (EDFLIX) Questionnaire. Front Psychol 2019;10:663. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00663
Brown VJ, Tait DS. Behavioral flexibility: attentional shifting, rule switching, and response reversal”. Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology. I. Stolerman and L. Price (eds). Berlin: Springer, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27772-6_340-2
Coutlee CG, Huettel SA. The functional neuroanatomy of decision making: prefrontal control of thought and action. Brain Res 2012;1428:3-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2011.05.053
Audet JN, Lefebvre L. What’s flexible in behavioral flexibility? Behav Ecol 2017;28:943-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arx007
Lovibond SH, Lovibond PF. Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. (2nd ed.) Sydney: Psychology Foundation 1995. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/t01004-000
Szabó M. The short version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21): factor structure in a young adolescent sample. J Adolesc 2010;33:1-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.05.014
Sinclair SJ, Siefert CJ, Slavin-Mulford JM, et al. Psychometric evaluation and normative data for the depression, anxiety, and stress scales-21 (DASS-21) in a nonclinical sample of U.S. adults. Eval Health Prof 2012;35:259-79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0163278711424282
Morin CM, Belleville G, Bélanger L, Ivers H. The Insomnia Severity Index: psychometric indicators to detect insomnia cases and evaluate treatment response. Sleep 2011;34:601-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/34.5.601
Chen PY, Jan YW, Yang CM. Are the Insomnia Severity Index and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index valid outcome measures for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia? Inquiry from the perspective of response shifts and longitudinal measurement invariance in their Chinese versions. Sleep Med 2017;35:35-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2017.04.003
Buchvold HV, Pallesen S, Waage S, Bjorvatn B. Shift work schedule and night work load: Effects on body mass index - a four-year longitudinal study. Scand J Work Environ Health 2018;44:251-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3702
Leger D, Esquirol Y, Gronfier C, Metlaine A. Groupe consensus chronobiologie et sommeil de la Société française de recherche et médecine du sommeil (SFRMS). Le travail posté et de nuit et ses conséquences sur la santé: état des lieux et recommandations [Shiftworkers and night-workers’ health consequences: State of art and recommendations]. Presse medicale 2018;47:991-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lpm.2018.10.014
Bekkers MB, Koppes LL, Rodenburg W, et al. Relationship of night and shift work with weight change and lifestyle behaviors. J Occup Environ Med 2015;57:e37-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000000426
Nieman DC. Exercise and resistance to infection. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1998;76:573-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/y98-053
Ho Vman-Goetz L, Husted J. Exercise and cancer: do the biology and epidemiology correspond? Exerc Immunol Rev 1995;1:81-96.
Nieman DC. Is infection risk linked to exercise workload? Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000;32:S406-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200007001-00005
Koelwyn GJ, Zhuang X, Tammela T, et al. Exercise and immunometabolic regulation in cancer. Nat Metab 2020;2:849-57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s42255-020-00277-4
Pedersen BK, Bruunsgaard H, Klokker M, et al. Exercise-induced immunomodulation--possible roles of neuroendocrine and metabolic factors. Int J Sports Med 1997;18:S2-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-972695
Pedersen BK, Nieman DC. Exercise immunology: integration and regulation. Immunol Today 1998;19:204-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5699(98)01255-9
Newsholme EA. Biochemical mechanisms to explain immunosuppression in well-trained and overtrained athletes. Int J Sports Med 1994;15:S142-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1021129
Parletta N, Zarnowiecki D, Cho J, et al. A Mediterraneanstyle dietary intervention supplemented with fish oil improves diet quality and mental health in people with depression: A randomized controlled trial (HELFIMED). Nutr Neurosci 2019;22:474-87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1028415X.2017.1411320
Pelletier L, O’Donnell S, McRae L, Grenier J. The burden of generalized anxiety disorder in Canada. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can 2017;37:54-62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.37.2.04
Saarni SI, Suvisaari J, Sintonen H, et al. Impact of psychiatric disorders on health-related quality of life: general population survey. Br J Psychiatr 2007;190:326-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.025106
Bruch H. Obesity in childhood and personality development. 1941. Obes Res 1997;5:157-61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1550-8528.1997.tb00657.x
Spoor ST, Bekker MH, Van Strien T, van Heck GL. Relations between negative affect, coping, and emotional eating. Appetite 2007;48:368-76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2006.10.005
Birgegård A, Clinton D, Norring C. Diagnostic issues of binge eating in eating disorders. Eur Eat Disord Rev 2013;21:175-83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.2227
Li Y, Lv MR, Wei YJ, et al. Dietary patterns and depression risk: A meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res 2017; 253:373-82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.020
Liu S, Heinz A. Cross-Cultural Validity of Psychological Distress Measurement During the Coronavirus Pandemic. Pharmacopsychiatry 2020;53:237-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1190-5029
Qiu J, Shen B, Zhao M, et al. A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations. Gen Psychiatr 2020;33:e100213. Erratum in: Gen Psychiatr 2020;33:e100213corr1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2020-100213corr1
Kouvonen A, Kivimäki M, Virtanen M, et al. Work stress, smoking status, and smoking intensity: an observational study of 46,190 employees. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2005;59:63-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2004.019752
Oliver G, Wardle J, Gibson EL. Stress and food choice: a laboratory study. Psychosom Med 2000;62:853-65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-200011000-00016
Rodgers RF, Lombardo C, Cerolini S, et al. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on eating disorder risk and symptoms. Int J Eat Disord 2020;53:1166-70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23318
Muscogiuri G, Barrea L, Annunziata G, et al. Obesity and sleep disturbance: the chicken or the egg? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019;59:2158-65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2018.1506979
Pugliese G, Barrea L, Laudisio D, et al. Sleep Apnea, Obesity, and Disturbed Glucose Homeostasis: Epidemiologic Evidence, Biologic Insights, and Therapeutic Strategies. Curr Obes Rep 2020;9:30-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-020-00369-y
Panahi S, Tremblay A. Sedentariness and Health: Is Sedentary Behavior More Than Just Physical Inactivity? Front Public Health 2018;6:258. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00258
Hauner H. Secretory factors from human adipose tissue and their functional role. Proc Nutr Soc 2005;64:163-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/PNS2005428
Di Renzo L, Gualtieri P, Romano L, et al. Role of Personalized Nutrition in Chronic-Degenerative Diseases. Nutrients 2019;11:1707. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11081707
Soldati L, Di Renzo L, Jirillo E, et al. The influence of diet on anti-cancer immune responsiveness. J Transl Med 2018;16:75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-018-1448-0
De Lorenzo A, Gratteri S, Gualtieri P, et al. Why primary obesity is a disease? J Transl Med 2019;17:169. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-019-1919-y
Dhurandhar NV, Bailey D, Thomas D. Interaction of obesity and infections. Obes Rev 2015;16:1017-29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12320
Bennett J, Greene G, Schwartz-Barcott D. Perceptions of emotional eating behavior. A qualitative study of college students. Appetite 2013;60:187-92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2012.09.023
Supporting Agencies
No financial support was necessary for the conduct of this study. None of the authors have conflicts of interest.How to Cite
Body mass index conditions and eating attitudes in young nurses: a pilot psycho-immune-endocrine investigation. (2023). Italian Journal of Medicine, 17(3). https://doi.org/10.4081/itjm.2023.1654
Copyright (c) 2023 the Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.
Similar Articles
- Pasquale Palmiero, Matteo Durante, Maria Maiello, Valentina D’Andria, Cosima Caputo, Lucia Giordano, Diagnostic and therapeutic care pathway of the Cardiac Network for Heart Failure , Italian Journal of Medicine: Vol. 19 No. 1 (2025)
- Francesca Salvotti, Riccardo Pellegrinelli, Veronica Geroldi, Francesca Leidi, Vittorio Scipione, Gigliola Flamminio, Antonella Pastori, Claudia Agabiti-Rosei, Carolina De Ciuceis, Damiano Rizzoni, Gianluca Edoardo Mario Boari, Long-term impact of COVID-19 requiring elevated oxygen support and safety of prolonged positive pressure ventilation , Italian Journal of Medicine: Vol. 17 No. 3 (2023)
- Umberto Volta, Giacomo Caio, Francesco Tovoli, Roberto De Giorgio, Non-celiac gluten sensitivity: an emerging syndrome with many unsettled issues , Italian Journal of Medicine: Vol. 8 No. 4 (2014)
- Mario Visconti, Proton pump inhibitors overuse: only inappropriate prescriptions or further iatrogenic damage? , Italian Journal of Medicine: Vol. 9 No. 3 (2015)
- Tiziana Ciarambino, Miriam Gino, Paola Gnerre, Elena Barbagelata, Nunzia Barone, Francesca Saladini, Federica Lorenzi, Marta Zanon, Maria Cristina Pasquini, Cecilia Politi, Young FADOI and gender medicine: sex gender differences in cardiovascular disease , Italian Journal of Medicine: Vol. 12 No. 1 (2018)
- Marco Candela, Ruggero Pastorelli, Antonio Sacchetta, Mauro Campanini, Leonardo M. Fabbri, Carlo Nozzoli, Management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: criteria for an appropriate hospital discharge , Italian Journal of Medicine: Vol. 7 No. 3 (2013)
- Paola Gnerre, Carlotta Casati, Mariella Frualdo, Maurizio Cavalleri, Sara Guizzetti, Management of vertigo: from evidence to clinical practice , Italian Journal of Medicine: Vol. 9 No. 2 (2015)
- Roberto Nardi, Franco Berti, Antonio Greco, Giovanni Scanelli, Paolo Leandri, Massimo Reta, Magda Mazzetti, Angelo Pasquale, Gelorma Belmonte, Mirco Magnani, Stefania Frasson, Concetta Baldo, Gualberto Gussoni, Giorgio Vescovo, Micaela La Regina, Mauro Campanini, Ido Iori, Giovanni Mathieu, Antonino Mazzone, Carlo Nozzoli, Complexity in hospital internal medicine departments: what are we talking about? , Italian Journal of Medicine: Vol. 7 No. 3 (2013)
- Karim Ouali, Btihaj AL Ibrahmi, Said Bouchefra, Abdellatif Bour, Micronutrition and diabetes: a new view at prevention and treatment , Italian Journal of Medicine: Vol. 18 No. 2 (2024)
- Thanh Long Nguyen, Victor Storm, Lam Toi Phung, Cong Thien Le, Thi Thu Ha Le, Thi Hoa Nguyen, Son Tung Vu, Thien Thang Tran, Minh Hanh Vu, Van Tuan Nguyen, Gender differences and post-pandemic mental health impacts: a mediation study on Vietnamese adolescents , Italian Journal of Medicine: Vol. 19 No. 2 (2025)
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.