Letters to the Editor
Early Access
The hidden toll of war: long-term health risks at Europe’s doorstep
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Published: 22 December 2025
46
Views
20
Downloads
Authors
Dear Editor,
Armed conflicts unfolding along and near Europe’s borders have generated an extraordinary humanitarian response and a justifiable focus on acute trauma care...
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
Citations
Bendavid E, Boerma T, Akseer N, et al. The effects of armed conflict on the health of women and children. Lancet 2021;397:522-32.
Deal A, Halliday R, Crawshaw AF, et al. Migration and outbreaks of vaccine-preventable disease in Europe: a systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis 2021;21:e387-98.
Granata G, Petersen E, Capone A, et al. The impact of armed conflict on the development and global spread of antibiotic resistance: a systematic review. Clin Microbiol Infect 2024;30:858-65.
Azanaw MM, Anley DT, Anteneh RM, et al. Effects of armed conflicts on childhood undernutrition in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2023;12:46.
Corley AG. Linking armed conflict to malnutrition during pregnancy, breastfeeding, and childhood. Glob Food Sec 2021;29:100531.
Aldrich TK, Gustave J, Hall CB, et al. Lung function in rescue workers at the World Trade Center after 7 years. N Engl J Med 2010;362:1263-72.
Banauch GI, Hall C, Weiden M, et al. Pulmonary function after exposure to the World Trade Center collapse in the New York City Fire Department. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006;174:312-9.
Crawshaw AF, Farah Y, Deal A, et al. Defining the determinants of vaccine uptake and undervaccination in migrant populations in Europe to improve routine and COVID-19 vaccine uptake: a systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis 2022;22:e254-66.
Hui C, Dunn J, Morton R, et al. Interventions to improve vaccination uptake and cost effectiveness of vaccination strategies in newly arrived migrants in the EU/EEA: a systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018;15:2065.
El-Khatib Z, Taus K, Richter L, et al. A syndrome-based surveillance system for infectious diseases among asylum seekers in Austrian reception centers, 2015-2018: analysis of reported data. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2019;5:e11465.
Saleh M, Farah Z, Howard N. Infectious disease surveillance for refugees at borders and in destination countries: a scoping review. BMC Public Health 2022;22:227.
Fabris S, d'Ettorre G, Spagnolello O, et al. SARS-CoV-2 among migrants recently arrived in Europe from low- and middle-income countries: containment strategies and special features of management in reception centers. Front Public Health 2021;9:735601.
Charlson F, van Ommeren M, Flaxman A, et al. New WHO prevalence estimates of mental disorders in conflict settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2019;394:240-8.
Steel Z, Chey T, Silove D, et al. Association of torture and other potentially traumatic events with mental health outcomes among populations exposed to mass conflict and displacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 2009;302:537-49.
Tol WA, Le PD, Harrison SL, et al. Mental health and psychosocial support in humanitarian settings: research priorities for 2021-30. Lancet Glob Health 2023;11:e969-75.
Mendelson M, Morris AM, Thursky K, Pulcini C. How to start an antimicrobial stewardship programme in a hospital. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020;26:447-53.
Cox JA, Vlieghe E, Mendelson M, et al. Antibiotic stewardship in low- and middle-income countries: the same but different? Clin Microbiol Infect 2017;23:812-8.
Arieti F, Göpel S, Sibani M, et al. White Paper: bridging the gap between surveillance data and antimicrobial stewardship in the outpatient sector-practical guidance from the JPIAMR ARCH and COMBACTE-MAGNET EPI-Net networks. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020;75:ii42-51.
How to Cite
The hidden toll of war: long-term health risks at Europe’s doorstep. (2025). Italian Journal of Medicine. https://doi.org/10.4081/itjm.2025.2403
Copyright (c) 2025 the Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Most read articles by the same author(s)
- Carmine Siniscalchi, Pietro Rossetti, Gaetano Carolla, Pierpaolo Di Micco, Adriano Stella, Michele Riva, A review on management of antiphospholipid syndrome in clinical practice , Italian Journal of Medicine: Vol. 17 No. 2 (2023)
- Pierpaolo Di Micco, Francesca Futura Bernardi, Giuseppe Camporese, Mario Biglietto, Alessandro Perrella, Tiziana Ciarambino, Vincenzo Russo, Egidio Imbalzano, Nattokinase historical sketch on experimental and clinical evidence , Italian Journal of Medicine: Vol. 17 No. 1 (2023)
- Novella Carannante, Sabrina Scarica, Raffaele Disarno, Gerardo Langella, Pierpaolo Di Micco, Giuseppe Fiorentino, Lung damages of malaria: a differential diagnosis and treatment in emergency room of a rare case , Italian Journal of Medicine: Vol. 17 No. 3 (2023)
- Pierpaolo Di Micco, Alessandra Bura-Riviere, Renzo Poggio, Eros Tiraferri, Roberto Quintavalla, Adriana Visona, Paolo Prandoni, Maurizio Ciammaichella, Giovanni Barillari, RIETE Investigators, Clinical characteristics of italian patients with venous thromboembolism enrolled in the RIETE Registry , Italian Journal of Medicine: Vol. 5 No. 4 (2011)
- Andrea Fontanella, Pierpaolo Di Micco, Monitoring strategies for patients treated with the new oral anticoagulants and the need for laboratory evaluation of hemostasis , Italian Journal of Medicine: Vol. 7 No. s8 (2013): The new oral anticoagulants in the Internal Medicine clinical practice
- Pierpaolo Di Micco, Michele Imparato, Maria Teresa Iannuzzo, Andrea Fontanella, Lesson learned by COVID-19 outbreak: multilevel triage strategies in patients admitted to the emergency room in southern Italy , Italian Journal of Medicine: Vol. 15 No. 3 (2021)
- Fulvia Paolozzi, Pierpaolo Di Micco, Antonella Giliberti, Gianluca Latte, Maria Teresa Feola, Immacolata Gaia Paduano, Concetta Schiano, Maurizio Latte, Acute kidney failure due to varicella-zoster virus solved by early antiviral treatment based on brivudin , Italian Journal of Medicine: Vol. 19 No. 1 (2025)
- Maria Gabriella Coppola, Giuseppe Cardillo, Marina Lugarà, Stefania Tamburrini, Federico Bizzarri, Gianmaria Chicone, Fortunato Scotto di Uccio, Maria Flavia Coppola, Miryam Piccirillo, Carlo Liguori, Carmen D’Amore, Andrea Tuccillo, Pasquale Madonna, Giuseppe Noschese, Eduardo Pone, Pierpaolo Di Micco, Lung ultrasound scan score can identify pulmonary embolism high risk in patients with COVID-19: a retrospective analysis from a single center , Italian Journal of Medicine: Vol. 17 No. 2 (2023)
- Pierpaolo Di Micco, Gianluca Di Micco, Vincenzo Russo, Andrea Fontanella, Antithrombotic drugs with adjuvant action against COVID-19 , Italian Journal of Medicine: Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020)
- Pierpaolo Di Micco, Francesca Futura Bernardi, Giovanni Maria Fusco, Alessandro Perrella, How artificial intelligence during the pandemic modified the role of a biomarker as d-dimer , Italian Journal of Medicine: Vol. 17 No. 3 (2023)